After his return to Vienna, his father was concerned about Rudolf's aloof and stiff manner, typical of the more conservative Spanish court, rather than the more relaxed and open Austrian court but his Spanish mother saw in him courtliness and refinement. Rudolf spent eight formative years, from age 11 to 19 (1563-1571), in Spain, at the court of his maternal uncle Phillip II. He was the eldest son and successor of Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor, King of Bohemia, and King of Hungary his mother was Maria of Spain, a daughter of Charles V and Isabella of Portugal. Rudolf was born in Vienna on July 18, 1552.
Rudolf's legacy has traditionally been viewed in three ways: Hotson, 1999.] an ineffectual ruler whose mistakes led directly to the Thirty Years' War a great patron of Renaissance art and a devotee of occult arts and learning which helped seed the scientific revolution. Rudolf II ( July 18, 1552, Vienna, Austria - January 20, 1612, Prague, Bohemia, now part of the Czech Republic) was King of Hungary (as Rudolf, 1572-1608), King of Bohemia (as Rudolf II, 1575-1608/1611), Archduke of Austria (as Rudolf V, 1576-1608), and Holy Roman Emperor (as Rudolf II, 1576-1612). Title =Holy Roman Emperor King of Bohemia, King of Hungary, Croatia and Slavonia Archduke of Austria
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